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read/English/noun

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read/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English discourse markers", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hreh₁dʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Czech translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Guaraní translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Limburgish translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for translations into Amharic", "Requests for translations into Bengali", "Requests for translations into Georgian", "Requests for translations into Gujarati", "Requests for translations into Kannada", "Requests for translations into Malayalam", "Requests for translations into Odia", "Requests for translations into Samoan", "Requests for translations into Tamil", "Rhymes:English/iːd", "Rhymes:English/iːd/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɛd", "Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ahom translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Aleut translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Bavarian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Cheyenne translations", "Terms with Chukchi translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Fijian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Gulf Arabic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ifè translations", "Terms with Igala translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khiamniungan Naga translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kildin Sami translations", "Terms with Kituba translations", "Terms with Konkani translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Lucumí translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Minangkabau translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Amazigh translations", "Terms with Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nigerian Pidgin translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Min translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Northern Thai translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Spanish translations", "Terms with Olukumi translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Samoan translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sindhi translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tahitian translations", "Terms with Tai Dam translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tongan translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Flemish translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Ye'kwana translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Yucatec Maya translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Communication"], "derived": [{"word": "beach read"}, {"word": "chemistry read"}, {"word": "cold read"}, {"word": "destructive read"}, {"word": "dirty read"}, {"word": "non-destructive read"}, {"word": "phantom read"}, {"word": "pseudoread"}, {"word": "quick read"}, {"word": "read count"}, {"word": "read head"}, {"word": "read-in"}, {"word": "read length"}, {"word": "read-out"}, {"word": "readout"}, {"word": "stale read"}, {"word": "table read"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂er-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*Hreh₁dʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "reden"}, "expansion": "Middle English reden", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rǣdan", "4": "", "5": "to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read"}, "expansion": "Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*rādan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rādan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rēdaną", "4": "", "5": "advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*Hreh₁dʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to arrange"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "rede"}, "expansion": "Scots rede", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "räide", "3": "", "4": "to advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "riede", "3": "", "4": "to advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "raden", "3": "", "4": "to advise; guess"}, "expansion": "Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "raten", "3": "", "4": "to advise; guess"}, "expansion": "German raten (“to advise; guess”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "råde", "3": "", "4": "to advise"}, "expansion": "Danish råde (“to advise”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "råda", "3": "", "4": "to advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fa", "2": "رده", "3": "", "4": "to order, to arrange, class", "tr": "rade"}, "expansion": "Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English reden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”).\nCognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”), Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”). In West Germanic the verb had a sense “interpret”, which developed further into “interpret letters” in English and “interpret by intuition, guess” on the continent. Compare rede.", "forms": [{"form": "reads", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "read (plural reads)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I had a read of the evening papers.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1879, Frederick James Furnivall, letter to the editor of \"The Spectator\":", "text": "One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1958, Philip Larkin, Self's the Man:", "text": "And when he finishes supper / Planning to have a read at the evening paper / It's Put a screw in this wall— / He has no time at all[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, MySQL administrator's guide and language reference, page 393:", "text": "In other words, the system can do 1200 reads per second with no writes, the average write is twice as slow as the average read, and the relationship is linear.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "His thrillers are always a gripping read.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Something to be read; a written work."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) Something to be read; a written work."], "tags": ["in-compounds"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "What's your read of the current political situation?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person's interpretation or impression of something."], "links": [["interpretation", "interpretation"], ["impression", "impression"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:LGBTQ"], "examples": [{"ref": "1997, Framing Culture: Africanism, Sexuality and Performance, page 186 (also discussing Paris is Burning)", "text": "[As] Corey points out, \"if you and I are both black queens then we can't call each other black queens because that's not a read. That's a [fact].\""}, {"ref": "2003, Philip Auslander, Performance: Media and technology, page 185:", "text": "Like most African-American women, Pearlie Mae uses snapping in many of the same ways that black gay men use it: to accentuate a read.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013, bell hooks, Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom, →ISBN:", "text": "I learned that it was acceptable to be witty, especially if you were one of the wearblackallthetime, deconstructivist, radical, feministbitchydiva girls who could give a harsh read (i.e., critique) or throw shade […].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”)."], "links": [["LGBTQ", "LGBTQ"], ["reading", "read#English"]], "qualifier": "at first especially in the black LGBTQ community", "raw_glosses": ["(at first especially in the black LGBTQ community) An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”)."]}, {"categories": ["en:Biochemistry"], "glosses": ["The identification of a specific sequence of genes in a genome or bases in a nucleic acid string"], "links": [["biochemistry", "biochemistry"], ["identification", "identification"], ["sequence", "sequence"], ["gene", "gene"], ["genome", "genome"], ["base", "base"], ["nucleic acid", "nucleic acid"]], "raw_glosses": ["(biochemistry) The identification of a specific sequence of genes in a genome or bases in a nucleic acid string"], "topics": ["biochemistry", "biology", "chemistry", "microbiology", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rēd", "tags": ["Canada", "UK"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹiːd/", "tags": ["Canada", "UK"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹid/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/rɛːd/", "tags": ["Early", "Modern"]}, {"ipa": "/riːd/", "tags": ["Early", "Modern"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to read.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-uk-to_read.ogg/En-uk-to_read.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-uk-to_read.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-read.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-read.ogg/En-us-read.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-read.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-iːd"}, {"homophone": "reed"}, {"homophone": "rede"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "čétene", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "че́тене"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "četivo", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "четиво"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lecture"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "paṛhnā", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "पढ़ना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "olvasás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "felolvasás"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lesning"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "lhaih"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lektura"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "leitura"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lida"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "ler"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "citire"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "lecturare"}, {"code": "ro", "english": "actor", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "intonare"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "paṭhati", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "पठति"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lectura"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "läsning"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(in combination) something to be read; a written work", "word": "olvasmány"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(in combination) something to be read; a written work", "word": "olvasnivaló"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a person's interpretation or impression of something", "word": "olvasat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a person's interpretation or impression of something", "word": "értelmezés"}], "wikipedia": ["read"], "word": "read"}

read (English noun) read/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English discourse markers", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English heteronyms", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hreh₁dʰ-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Czech translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Guaraní translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Limburgish translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for translations into Amharic", "Requests for translations into Bengali", "Requests for translations into Georgian", "Requests for translations into Gujarati", "Requests for translations into Kannada", "Requests for translations into Malayalam", "Requests for translations into Odia", "Requests for translations into Samoan", "Requests for translations into Tamil", "Rhymes:English/iːd", "Rhymes:English/iːd/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɛd", "Rhymes:English/ɛd/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ahom translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Aleut translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Bavarian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Cheyenne translations", "Terms with Chukchi translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Fijian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Gulf Arabic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ifè translations", "Terms with Igala translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khiamniungan Naga translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kildin Sami translations", "Terms with Kituba translations", "Terms with Konkani translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Lucumí translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Minangkabau translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Amazigh translations", "Terms with Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nigerian Pidgin translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Min translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Northern Thai translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Spanish translations", "Terms with Olukumi translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Samoan translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sindhi translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tahitian translations", "Terms with Tai Dam translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tongan translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Flemish translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Ye'kwana translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Yucatec Maya translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Communication"], "derived": [{"word": "beach read"}, {"word": "chemistry read"}, {"word": "cold read"}, {"word": "destructive read"}, {"word": "dirty read"}, {"word": "non-destructive read"}, {"word": "phantom read"}, {"word": "pseudoread"}, {"word": "quick read"}, {"word": "read count"}, {"word": "read head"}, {"word": "read-in"}, {"word": "read length"}, {"word": "read-out"}, {"word": "readout"}, {"word": "stale read"}, {"word": "table read"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂er-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*Hreh₁dʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "reden"}, "expansion": "Middle English reden", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rǣdan", "4": "", "5": "to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read"}, "expansion": "Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*rādan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rādan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rēdaną", "4": "", "5": "advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*Hreh₁dʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to arrange"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "rede"}, "expansion": "Scots rede", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "räide", "3": "", "4": "to advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "riede", "3": "", "4": "to advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "raden", "3": "", "4": "to advise; guess"}, "expansion": "Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "raten", "3": "", "4": "to advise; guess"}, "expansion": "German raten (“to advise; guess”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "råde", "3": "", "4": "to advise"}, "expansion": "Danish råde (“to advise”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "råda", "3": "", "4": "to advise, counsel"}, "expansion": "Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fa", "2": "رده", "3": "", "4": "to order, to arrange, class", "tr": "rade"}, "expansion": "Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English reden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”).\nCognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”), Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”). In West Germanic the verb had a sense “interpret”, which developed further into “interpret letters” in English and “interpret by intuition, guess” on the continent. Compare rede.", "forms": [{"form": "reads", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "read (plural reads)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I had a read of the evening papers.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1879, Frederick James Furnivall, letter to the editor of \"The Spectator\":", "text": "One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1958, Philip Larkin, Self's the Man:", "text": "And when he finishes supper / Planning to have a read at the evening paper / It's Put a screw in this wall— / He has no time at all[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, MySQL administrator's guide and language reference, page 393:", "text": "In other words, the system can do 1200 reads per second with no writes, the average write is twice as slow as the average read, and the relationship is linear.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "His thrillers are always a gripping read.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Something to be read; a written work."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) Something to be read; a written work."], "tags": ["in-compounds"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "What's your read of the current political situation?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person's interpretation or impression of something."], "links": [["interpretation", "interpretation"], ["impression", "impression"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:LGBTQ"], "examples": [{"ref": "1997, Framing Culture: Africanism, Sexuality and Performance, page 186 (also discussing Paris is Burning)", "text": "[As] Corey points out, \"if you and I are both black queens then we can't call each other black queens because that's not a read. That's a [fact].\""}, {"ref": "2003, Philip Auslander, Performance: Media and technology, page 185:", "text": "Like most African-American women, Pearlie Mae uses snapping in many of the same ways that black gay men use it: to accentuate a read.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013, bell hooks, Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom, →ISBN:", "text": "I learned that it was acceptable to be witty, especially if you were one of the wearblackallthetime, deconstructivist, radical, feministbitchydiva girls who could give a harsh read (i.e., critique) or throw shade […].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”)."], "links": [["LGBTQ", "LGBTQ"], ["reading", "read#English"]], "qualifier": "at first especially in the black LGBTQ community", "raw_glosses": ["(at first especially in the black LGBTQ community) An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”)."]}, {"categories": ["en:Biochemistry"], "glosses": ["The identification of a specific sequence of genes in a genome or bases in a nucleic acid string"], "links": [["biochemistry", "biochemistry"], ["identification", "identification"], ["sequence", "sequence"], ["gene", "gene"], ["genome", "genome"], ["base", "base"], ["nucleic acid", "nucleic acid"]], "raw_glosses": ["(biochemistry) The identification of a specific sequence of genes in a genome or bases in a nucleic acid string"], "topics": ["biochemistry", "biology", "chemistry", "microbiology", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rēd", "tags": ["Canada", "UK"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹiːd/", "tags": ["Canada", "UK"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹid/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/rɛːd/", "tags": ["Early", "Modern"]}, {"ipa": "/riːd/", "tags": ["Early", "Modern"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to read.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-uk-to_read.ogg/En-uk-to_read.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-uk-to_read.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-us-read.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-read.ogg/En-us-read.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-read.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-iːd"}, {"homophone": "reed"}, {"homophone": "rede"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "čétene", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "че́тене"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "četivo", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "четиво"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lecture"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "paṛhnā", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "पढ़ना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "olvasás"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "felolvasás"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lesning"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "lhaih"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lektura"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "leitura"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lida"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "ler"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "citire"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "lecturare"}, {"code": "ro", "english": "actor", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "intonare"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "paṭhati", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "word": "पठति"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "lectura"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a reading or an act of reading", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "läsning"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(in combination) something to be read; a written work", "word": "olvasmány"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(in combination) something to be read; a written work", "word": "olvasnivaló"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a person's interpretation or impression of something", "word": "olvasat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a person's interpretation or impression of something", "word": "értelmezés"}], "wikipedia": ["read"], "word": "read"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.